A Deeper Look Into Dual Diagnosis

Dual diagnosis, also known as co-occurring disorders, refers to the presence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder simultaneously. This term describes a complex interaction between these two conditions, as each can both exacerbate and mask symptoms of the other. 

For example, someone with depression may use alcohol or drugs to self-medicate and alleviate their symptoms. Still, in doing so, they may worsen their mental health condition. Conversely, someone with a substance use disorder may experience mood swings, anxiety, or paranoia that can mimic mental health disorder symptoms. 

Treating dual diagnosis

Integrated Treatment: Integrated treatment involves simultaneously treating both the substance use disorder and the mental health disorder. This approach aims to help individuals understand how these two conditions interact and impact each other and how to develop coping skills to manage both. 

Medication

Medications can be used to manage symptoms of both mental health and substance use disorders. For example, antidepressants and antipsychotics can help manage symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychosis. At the same time, medications such as methadone or buprenorphine can be used to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with opioid addiction.

Behavioral therapies

Behavioral therapies are a form of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors that contribute to mental health and substance use disorders. Several types of behavioral therapies can be used to treat dual diagnosis, including:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of therapy that focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It aims to help individuals identify negative or distorted thinking patterns and replace them with more positive and realistic ones. In dual diagnosis treatment, CBT can help individuals recognize the connection between their substance use and mental health symptoms and develop coping strategies to manage them. 

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

DBT is a type of therapy that combines elements of CBT with mindfulness practices. It focuses on helping individuals regulate their emotions, improve their interpersonal relationships, and develop coping strategies for managing stress and other triggers that may contribute to substance use and mental health symptoms. 

Motivational interviewing (MI)

MI is a therapy that aims to increase an individual’s motivation to change their behavior by exploring their ambivalence and resistance to change. In dual-diagnosis treatment, MI can help individuals explore the pros and cons of their substance use and mental health symptoms and develop a change plan. 

Contingency management (CM)

CM therapy uses rewards or incentives to reinforce and discourage negative behaviors. In dual-diagnosis treatment, CM can support abstinence from drugs or alcohol and encourage engagement in treatment.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is a critical component of treating dual diagnosis. Different types of treatment, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), or trauma-focused therapy, may be used depending on the individual’s specific needs. It can include individual therapy, group therapy, or family therapy. Support groups: Support groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA), can provide a supportive community of individuals who are going through similar experiences.

Dual diagnosis-specific treatment programs

Dual diagnosis-specific treatment programs provide integrated treatment for mental health and substance use disorders. These programs may include individual and group therapy, medication management, and holistic therapies such as mindfulness or art therapy.

Holistic treatments

Holistic treatments, such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, and acupuncture, may help manage stress, anxiety, and depression, which can contribute to substance use. 

Aftercare

Aftercare is an essential part of dual diagnosis treatment. It involves ongoing support and care after completing a formal treatment program, such as continuous therapy, medication management, and support groups.

Dual diagnosis can devastate those suffering from the illness and their loved ones if left untreated. However, with proper treatment from experienced professionals and an effort from the individual seeking help, long-term recovery is possible—and even likely! By understanding what dual diagnosis is and how it’s treated effectively, we can better equip ourselves with the information we need to seek out resources for ourselves or our loved ones who might be struggling with it.