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What Recent Changes in Houston’s Criminal Law Do Defendants Need to Be Aware Of?

Understanding criminal law in Houston can be daunting, especially with recent legislative changes. Stay informed about updates as they may change procedural requirements, sentencing guidelines, or introduce new defenses. 

Access to defense lawyers in Houston, TX can be invaluable, providing detailed information and guidance to handle the criminal justice system. It’s essential to engage with knowledgeable legal experts who are up-to-date with the latest changes in Houston’s criminal law to significantly impact the outcome of a criminal case.

Changes to Bail and Pretrial Release Procedures

One of the most significant recent changes to Houston’s criminal law involves the bail and pretrial release process. In 2019, a federal judge ruled that Harris County’s bail system was unconstitutional, as it disproportionately impacted low-income defendants who could not afford to post bail.

As a result of this ruling, Harris County has implemented a new risk assessment tool to determine whether a defendant should be released on bail or held in custody pending trial. This tool considers factors such as the defendant’s criminal history, the nature of the alleged offense, and the defendant’s ties to the community. This new system aims to ensure that defendants are not held in custody solely because they cannot afford to pay bail.

Expansion of Diversion Programs

Another significant change to Houston’s criminal law is the expansion of diversion programs for certain offenses. Diversion programs allow defendants to avoid criminal convictions by completing specific requirements, such as community service, drug treatment, or counseling.

In recent years, Harris County has expanded its diversion programs to include a broader range of offenses, such as low-level drug possession, theft, and prostitution. These programs can be particularly beneficial for first-time offenders or those struggling with substance abuse or mental health issues. By completing a diversion program, defendants can avoid the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction, such as difficulty finding employment or housing.

Increased Focus on Mental Health

Houston’s criminal justice system has also placed a greater emphasis on addressing mental health issues in recent years. In 2018, Harris County established a new Mental Health Jail Diversion Program, which aims to divert individuals with mental health issues away from the criminal justice system and into treatment.

Under this program, individuals who are arrested for certain low-level offenses and who have a diagnosed mental illness may be eligible for diversion into community-based treatment programs. These programs can include counseling, medication management, and other support services. By addressing the underlying mental health issues that may contribute to criminal behavior, this program seeks to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes for individuals with mental illness.

Increased Use of Body Cameras

In recent years, the Houston Police Department has increased its use of body cameras to record interactions between officers and civilians. Concerns about police misconduct and the need for greater transparency and accountability have partly driven this change.

Body cameras can have significant implications for criminal cases, as the footage can provide valuable evidence of what occurred during an arrest or investigation. However, defendants need to be aware that body camera footage may not always tell the whole story and that there may be limitations on when and how the footage can be used in court.

Changes to Asset Forfeiture Laws

Asset forfeiture laws allow law enforcement to seize property that is believed to be connected to criminal activity, even if the owner has not been convicted of a crime. In recent years, there has been growing concern about the abuse of asset forfeiture laws and the impact on innocent property owners.

In response to these concerns, Texas lawmakers have passed several reforms to the state’s asset forfeiture laws in recent years. These reforms include requiring a criminal conviction before property can be forfeited in most cases and increasing the burden of proof on law enforcement to show that the property is connected to criminal activity. Despite these changes, asset forfeiture remains controversial, and defendants should be aware of their rights if their property is seized.

Increased Penalties for Certain Offenses

Recent changes in Houston’s criminal law include increased penalties for specific offenses, reflecting a tough stance on particular crimes. Here’s a breakdown of these changes:

  • Human Trafficking: Texas lawmakers passed legislation in 2019 that not only increased penalties for human trafficking but also established a new offense for operating a stash house for human smuggling.
  • Assault on a Peace Officer: There has been a notable increase in the penalties for assaulting a peace officer, highlighting a focus on protecting law enforcement officials.
  • Intoxication Manslaughter: Penalties for intoxication manslaughter have also seen an increase, emphasizing the serious nature of driving under the influence that results in a fatality.
  • Certain Sexual Offenses: Enhanced penalties have been applied to certain sexual offenses as part of broader efforts to deter such crimes and protect communities.

Updates to DWI Laws

Houston has also seen recent changes to its laws regarding driving while intoxicated (DWI). In 2019, Texas lawmakers passed a bill that requires individuals convicted of certain DWI offenses to install an ignition interlock device on their vehicle as a condition of probation or occupational license.

An ignition interlock device is a breathalyzer connected to the vehicle’s ignition system. The driver must provide a breath sample below a predetermined blood alcohol concentration (BAC) threshold before the vehicle will start. This new requirement will reduce repeat DWI offenses and improve public safety on Houston’s roadways.

Emphasis on Restorative Justice

In addition to changes aimed at improving public safety and reducing recidivism, Houston’s criminal justice system has also emphasized restorative justice more in recent years. Restorative justice is an approach that focuses on repairing the harm caused by crime and promoting healing for victims, offenders, and communities.

One example of restorative justice in action is the Houston Police Department’s Restorative Justice Program, which provides an alternative to traditional prosecution for certain juvenile offenses. Under this program, juvenile offenders participate in facilitated dialogues with their victims and other stakeholders to develop a plan for repairing the harm caused by their actions. Through focusing on accountability, empathy, and community engagement, restorative justice programs seek to promote long-term positive outcomes for all parties involved.

Cher

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